Forearm AP

Upper Extremity positioning

Forearm AP is a radiography positioning projection of the Upper Extremity. Seated, forearm extended on IR, palm supinated. SID 40". The centering point is located at the midpoint of the forearm, approximately 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.. The central ray is perpendicular to ir at the midpoint of the forearm, 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.. Image-quality criteria include entire radius and ulna visible from wrist to elbow., radial and ulnar shafts parallel with no rotation.. Standard exposure ranges from 60 to 70 kVp, 2 to 4 mAs, at an SID of 40 inches (102 cm).

Anatomy demonstrated

  • Entire radius from styloid process to head.
  • Entire ulna from styloid to olecranon process.
  • Radial and ulnar shafts parallel.
  • Radiocarpal joint space at the wrist.
  • Proximal and distal radioulnar articulations.
  • Distal humerus and wrist anatomy.

Patient preparation

  • Verify patient identity using two identifiers.
  • Remove watches, bracelets, and radiopaque items from the arm.
  • Seat the patient at the end of the table.
  • Extend the forearm fully on the IR with palm facing up.
  • Adjust table height so the entire forearm rests in the same plane.

Position & centering point

At the midpoint of the forearm, approximately 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.

Central ray

Perpendicular to IR at the midpoint of the forearm, 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.

Exposure / technique

kVp
60–70
mAs
2–4
SID
40" (102 cm)
Notes
Tabletop technique. Include both wrist and elbow joints.

Image-quality criteria

  • Entire radius and ulna visible from wrist to elbow.
  • Radial and ulnar shafts parallel with no rotation.
  • Wrist and elbow joints included in the collimation.
  • Minimal superimposition of proximal radius and ulna.
  • Bone trabeculae sharp, no motion blur.
  • Collimation: 1 inch distal to the wrist, 1 inch above the elbow.

Common errors / ARRT traps

  1. 1 Incomplete supination rotates the radius over the ulna.
  2. 2 Lifting the shoulder or wrist changes the forearm angle.
  3. 3 Off-center CR clips the distal wrist or proximal elbow.
  4. 4 Motion blur from patient movement during exposure.

Clinical indications

  • Trauma evaluation for radius or ulna fracture.
  • Forearm pain or injury assessment.
  • Post-operative follow-up of forearm fixation hardware.
  • Suspected Colles or Smith fracture.

Aligned to the 2025 ARRT Content Specifications.

Practice this projection live.

The interactive positioning viewer in the app lets you rotate the patient, see the centering point in 3D, and study the central ray angle. Start free.

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