Forearm AP is a radiography positioning projection of the Upper Extremity. Seated, forearm extended on IR, palm supinated. SID 40". The centering point is located at the midpoint of the forearm, approximately 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.. The central ray is perpendicular to ir at the midpoint of the forearm, 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.. Image-quality criteria include entire radius and ulna visible from wrist to elbow., radial and ulnar shafts parallel with no rotation.. Standard exposure ranges from 60 to 70 kVp, 2 to 4 mAs, at an SID of 40 inches (102 cm).
Anatomy demonstrated
- Entire radius from styloid process to head.
- Entire ulna from styloid to olecranon process.
- Radial and ulnar shafts parallel.
- Radiocarpal joint space at the wrist.
- Proximal and distal radioulnar articulations.
- Distal humerus and wrist anatomy.
Patient preparation
- Verify patient identity using two identifiers.
- Remove watches, bracelets, and radiopaque items from the arm.
- Seat the patient at the end of the table.
- Extend the forearm fully on the IR with palm facing up.
- Adjust table height so the entire forearm rests in the same plane.
Position & centering point
At the midpoint of the forearm, approximately 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.
Central ray
Perpendicular to IR at the midpoint of the forearm, 2 inches proximal to the elbow joint.
Exposure / technique
- kVp
- 60–70
- mAs
- 2–4
- SID
- 40" (102 cm)
- Notes
- Tabletop technique. Include both wrist and elbow joints.
Image-quality criteria
- Entire radius and ulna visible from wrist to elbow.
- Radial and ulnar shafts parallel with no rotation.
- Wrist and elbow joints included in the collimation.
- Minimal superimposition of proximal radius and ulna.
- Bone trabeculae sharp, no motion blur.
- Collimation: 1 inch distal to the wrist, 1 inch above the elbow.
Common errors / ARRT traps
- 1 Incomplete supination rotates the radius over the ulna.
- 2 Lifting the shoulder or wrist changes the forearm angle.
- 3 Off-center CR clips the distal wrist or proximal elbow.
- 4 Motion blur from patient movement during exposure.
Clinical indications
- Trauma evaluation for radius or ulna fracture.
- Forearm pain or injury assessment.
- Post-operative follow-up of forearm fixation hardware.
- Suspected Colles or Smith fracture.
Aligned to the 2025 ARRT Content Specifications.